Sao thổ ảnh từ Cassini's

[cuongnc79]

1.

This natural color mosaic was acquired by the Cassini spacecraft as it soared 39 degrees above the unilluminated side of Saturn's rings. Little light makes its way through the rings to be scattered in Cassini's direction in this viewing geometry, making the rings appear somewhat dark compared to the reflective surface of Saturn (120,536 km/74,898 mi across). The view combines 45 images taken over the course of about two hours, as Cassini scanned across the entire main ring system. The images in this view were obtained on May 9, 2007 at a distance of approximately 1.1 million kilometers (700,000 miles) from Saturn. (NASA/JPL/SSI)

2.

Pan, a small ring-embedded moon (28 km/17 mi wide) coasts into view from behind Saturn. The view of the rings is distorted near Saturn by the planet's upper atmosphere. The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 1.8 million km (1.1 million mi) from Pan. Image scale is 11 km (7 mi) per pixel on Pan. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

3.

Rhea (1,528 km/949 mi wide) drifts in front of Saturn. The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 576,000 km (358,000 mi) from Rhea. Image scale is 3 km (2 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

4.

Cassini peers through Saturn's delicate, translucent inner C ring to see the diffuse yellow-blue limb of Saturn's atmosphere. The image was taken on April 25, 2008 at a distance of approximately 1.5 million km (913,000 mi) from Saturn. Image scale is 8 km (5 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

5.

Rhea passes in front of Saturn's larger, hazy moon Titan (which is lit from behind by the sun) in June of 2006. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

6.

This mosaic of two Cassini images shows Pan and Prometheus creating features in nearby rings. Pan (28 km/17 mi wide), in the Encke Gap at left, is trailed by a series of edge waves in the outer boundary of the gap. Prometheus (86 km/53 mi wide) just touches the inner edge of Saturn's F ring at right, and is followed by a series of dark channels in the ring. The view was obtained at a distance of approximately 1.2 million km (746,000 mi) from Pan and Prometheus. Image scale is 7 km (5 mi) per pixel on both moons. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

7.

This image was taken during Cassini's close approach to the moon Iapetus in Sept. 2007. The image was taken on Sept. 10, 2007 with the Cassini spacecraft wide-angle camera at a distance of approximately 3,870 km (2,400 mi) from Iapetus. Image scale is 230 meters (755 feet) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

8.

Cassini tracks the shepherd moon Prometheus as it orbits Saturn. Prometheus is just about to pass behind the planet, and a faint streamer of ring material lies below and to the right of Prometheus (86 km/53 mi wide), in the faint, inner strand of the F ring. The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 1.3 million km (804,000 mi) from Prometheus. Image scale is 8 km (5 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

9.

Saturn's high north is a seething cauldron of activity filled with roiling cloud bands and swirling vortices. A corner of the north polar hexagon is seen at upper left. The image was taken on Aug. 25, 2008 at a distance of approximately 541,000 km (336,000 mi) from Saturn. Image scale is 29 km (18 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

10.

Dark irregular patterns dot the bright outer B ring just left of the large Huygens Gap in the center of this image from Cassini. Cassini scientists speculate that these features are likely the result of transient gravitational clumping. The outer edge of the B ring is anchored and sculpted by a powerful gravitational resonance with the moon, Mimas (396 km/246 mi wide). The mutual gravity between particles may pull them into clumps as they are periodically forced closely together by the action of Mimas. The image was taken on Dec. 8, 2008 at a distance of approximately 710,000 km (441,000 mi) from Saturn. Image scale is 4 km (2 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

11.

The terminator engulfs Penelope (foreground), one of the largest craters on Saturn's moon, Tethys. The image was taken on Nov. 24, 2008 at a distance of approximately 62,000 km (38,000 mi) from Tethys. Image scale is 366 meters (1,202 feet) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

12.

Small, battered Epimetheus before Saturn's A and F rings, and and smog-enshrouded Titan (5,150 km/3,200 mi wide) beyond. The color information in the colorized view is artificial: it is derived from red, green and blue images taken at nearly the same time and phase angle as the clear filter image. This color information was overlaid onto a previously released clear filter view in order to approximate the scene as it might appear to human eyes. The view was acquired on April 28, 2006, at a distance of approximately 667,000 km (415,000 mi) from Epimetheus and 1.8 million km (1.1 million mi) from Titan. The image scale is 4 km (2 mi) per pixel on Epimetheus and 11 km (7 mi) per pixel on Titan. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

13.

Half an hour after Prometheus tore into Saturn's F ring, Cassini snapped this image just as the moon was creating a new streamer in the ring. The dark pattern shaped like an upside down check mark in the lower left of the image is Prometheus and its shadow. The potato shaped moon can just be seen coming back out of the ring. The moon's handiwork also is apparent in two previous streamer-channel formations on the right of the image. The darkest streamer-channel stretching from the top right to the center of the image shows Prometheus' previous apoapse passage about 15 hours earlier. Prometheus (86 km/53 mi across) dips into the inner edge of the F ring when it reaches apoapse, its farthest point from Saturn. At apoapse, the moon's gravity pulls out particles of the ring into a streamer. As Prometheus moves back toward periapse - its orbit's closest point to the planet - the streamer gets longer. Then, as Prometheus moves back toward apoapse, the streamer breaks apart which results in a dark channel. This streamer-channel cycle repeats once every orbit. The image was taken on Jan. 14, 2009 at a distance of approximately 555,000 km (345,000 mi) from Saturn. Image scale is 3 km (2 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

14.

This bizarre scene shows the cloud-streaked limb of Saturn in front of the planet's B ring. The ring's image is warped near the limb by the diffuse gas in Saturn's upper atmosphere. The image was taken on June 24, 2008 using a spectral filter sensitive to wavelengths of infrared light, at a distance of approximately 657,000 km (408,000 mi) from Saturn. Image scale is 4 km (2 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

15.

Cassini looks toward Rhea's cratered, icy landscape with the dark line of Saturn's ringplane and the planet's murky atmosphere as a background. Rhea is Saturn's second-largest moon, at 1,528 km (949 mi) across. Images taken using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to create this natural color view. The images were acquired on July 17, 2007 at a distance of approximately 1.2 million km (770,000 mi) from Rhea. Image scale is 7 km (5 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

16.

his image of Saturn's rings and the shadow of nearby Mimas was taken on April 08, 2009. The rings are now oriented nearly edge-on toward the Sun, and very long moon shadows frequently drape across them. Interesting to note in this image are the various jagged shadows along the outer edge of the B ring. Scientists are closely studying this phenomenon now, and a preliminary hypothesis suggests that the shadows are of clumpy, disturbed ring material, stretching up to 3 km above the ring plane - contrasted with an estimated normal ring thickness of only 10 meters or so. (The ring-shaped mark at right is a camera artifact) (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

17.

Cassini peers through the fine, smoke-sized ice particles of Saturn's F ring toward the cratered face of Mimas (396 km/246 mi wide). The F ring's core is dense enough to completely block the light from Mimas. The image was taken on Nov. 18, 2007 at a distance of approximately 772,000 km (480,000 mi) from Mimas. Image scale is 5 km (3 mi) per pixel on the moon. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

18.

Gray Mimas appears to hover above the colorful rings. The large crater seen on the right side of the moon is named for William Herschel, who discovered Mimas in 1789. Images taken using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to create this natural color view. The images were acquired on Sept. 9, 2007 at a distance of approximately 3.151 million km (1.958 million mi) from Mimas. Image scale is 19 km (12 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

19.

Saturn's northern hemisphere is seen here against its nested rings. The rings have been brightened relative to the planet to enhance visibility. Images taken using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to create this natural color view. The images were acquired with the Cassini spacecraft wide-angle camera on Feb. 24, 2009 at a distance of approximately 866,000 km (538,000 mi) from Saturn. Image scale is 38 km (24 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/SSI) #

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[khanhchi]

20091018 Enceladus up close
Saturn's tiny, icy moon Enceladus has recently been visited by NASA's Cassini orbiter on several very close approaches - once coming within a mere 25 kilometers (15 miles) of the surface. Scientists are learning a great deal about this curious little moon. Only about 500 kilometers wide (310 miles), it is very active, emitting internal heat, churning its surface, and - through cryovolcanism - ejecting masses of microscopic ice particles into Saturnian orbit. Cassini has been orbiting Saturn for over 4 years now, and has provided some amazing views of tiny Enceladus, some collected here. Another close flyby is scheduled for Halloween, October 31st. (26 photos total)

Ring shadows line the face of distant Saturn, providing a backdrop for the brilliant, white sphere of Enceladus. This image looks toward the leading side of Enceladus. North is up. The image was taken in visible green light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on June 28, 2007. The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 291,000 kilometers (181,000 miles) from Enceladus. Image scale is 2 kilometers (1 mile) per pixel. (NASA/JPL-Caltech)


2/ The tortured surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus and its fascinating ongoing geologic activity tell the story of the ancient and present struggles of one tiny world. The enhanced color view of Enceladus seen here is largely of the southern hemisphere. The south polar terrain is marked by a striking set of "blue" fractures and encircled by a conspicuous and continuous chain of folds and ridges. This mosaic was created from 21 false-color frames taken during the Cassini spacecraft's close approaches to Enceladus on March 9 and July 14, 2005. Images taken using filters sensitive to ultraviolet, visible and infrared light were combined to create the individual frames. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #


4/ This image, taken during Cassini's very close flyby of Enceladus on Aug. 11, 2008 captures a region near the Cairo Sulcus on Enceladus' south polar terrain that is littered with blocks of ice. The image was taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera from a distance of approximately 1,288 kilometers (800 miles) above the surface of Enceladus. Image scale is approximately 10 meters (33 feet) per pixel. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #


5/ The cratered limb of Enceladus, seen on March 12, 2008 from approximately 34,435 kilometers away. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #


6/ Sister Moons separated by rings and some distance. Saturn's rings cut across a scene ruled by Titan's globe-encircling haze, lit up by the distant Sun and interrupted only by the small, closer moon Enceladus. The scattered light around planet-sized Titan (5,150 kilometers, or 3,200 miles across) makes the moon's solid surface visible in silhouette, giant compared to Enceladus (505 kilometers, or 314 miles across). The image was taken in visible red light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on June 10, 2006 at a distance of approximately 3.9 million kilometers (2.4 million miles) from Enceladus and 5.3 million kilometers (3.3 million miles) from Titan. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #


7/ Enceladus seen high (in an orbit of about 237,378 kilometers or 147,500 miles) above Saturn's atmosphere on February 16, 2005. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #


10/ Icy craters seen on the surface of Enceladus on March 12, 2008 from a distance of 31,856 kilometers. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


12/ This image was taken during Cassini's very close flyby of Enceladus on Aug. 11, 2008. Cairo Sulcus is crossing the southern part of the image. The terrain is littered with blocks of ice. The image was taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on Aug. 11, 2008, a distance of approximately 2,446 kilometers (1,396 miles) above the surface of Enceladus. Image scale is approximately 18 meters (59 feet) per pixel. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #


23/ This image was taken during Cassini's very close flyby of Enceladus on Aug. 11, 2008, taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on Aug. 11, 2008, a distance of approximately 4,742 kilometers (2,947 miles) above the surface of Enceladus. Image scale is approximately 30 meters (98 feet) per pixel. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #


24/ Wispy fingers of bright, icy material reach tens of thousands of kilometers outward from Saturn's moon Enceladus into the E ring, while the moon's active south polar jets continue to fire away. This never-before-seen structure is made visible with the sun almost directly behind the Saturn system from Cassini's vantage point. These features are very likely the result of particles injected into Saturn orbit by the Enceladus geysers: Those injected in the direction of the moon's orbital motion end up on larger, slower orbits and trail Enceladus in its orbit, and those injected into the opposite direction end up smaller, faster orbits and lead Enceladus. In addition, the configuration of wisps may hint at an interaction between Saturn's magnetosphere and the torrent of particles issuing from Enceladus. The view looks down onto Enceladus (505 kilometers, or 314 miles across) from about 15 degrees above the ringplane. Tethys (1,071 kilometers, or 665 miles across) is visible to the right of Enceladus. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft wide-angle camera on Sept. 15, 2006, at a distance of approximately 2.1 million kilometers (1.3 million miles) from Enceladus. Image scale is 128 kilometers (80 miles) per pixel. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #

[thuongle]

Saturn at equinox
Checking in with NASA's Cassini spacecraft, our current emissary to Saturn, some 1.5 billion kilometers (932 million miles) distant from Earth, we find it recently gathering images of the Saturnian system at equinox. During the equinox, the sunlight casts long shadows across Saturn's rings, highlighting previously known phenomena and revealing a few never-before seen images. Cassini continues to orbit Saturn, part of its extended Equinox Mission, funded through through September 2010. A proposal for a further extension is under consideration, one that would keep Cassini in orbit until 2017, ending with a spectacular series of orbits inside the rings followed by a suicide plunge into Saturn on Sept. 15, 2017. (previously: 1, 2, 3). (23 photos total)

1/ From 20 degrees above the ring plane, Cassini's wide angle camera shot 75 exposures in succession for this mosaic showing Saturn, its rings, and a few of its moons a day and a half after exact Saturn equinox, when the sun's disk was exactly overhead at the planet's equator. The images were taken on Aug. 12, 2009, at a distance of approximately 847,000 km (526,000 mi) from Saturn. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute)


2/ Cassini captured this image of a dimly lit Titan as Saturn's largest moon was eclipsed by the planet on May 7, 2009. Lit terrain seen here is on the Saturn-facing side of Titan. In Saturn's shadow, the southern hemisphere of Titan is lit by two sources: sunlight scattered through the planet's rings and refracted sunlight passing through the edge of Saturn's atmosphere. Stars in this image are smeared by the long camera exposure time of 560 seconds needed to capture the faint light on Titan. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


3/ This series of images of Janus, one of Saturns's smaller moons, shows strips of light and shadow passing over its face. Janus is in the shadow of Saturn's rings, and is briefly lit by a stripe of sunlight as it passes behind a gap in the rings. Photos taken on August 27, 2009. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


4/ The moon Prometheus and its nearby disturbance of Saturn's F ring. Prometheus periodically gores the F ring, drawing out streamers of material from the ring. The image was taken in visible light at a distance of approximately 950,000 km (590,000 mi) from Saturn. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


5/ Cassini eyes a prominent crater on the moon Janus. The south pole lies on the terminator at the top right of the image. This view was acquired on July 26, 2009 at a distance of approximately 98,000 kilometers (61,000 miles) from Janus. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


6/ Rays of light from the sun have taken many different paths to compose this image of Saturn and its rings. This view looks toward the unilluminated (north) side of the rings and, at the top of the image, the night side of Saturn. Sunlight has been reflected off the illuminated side of the rings to light the planet's southern hemisphere, seen here as a bright band of yellow-orange. The northern hemisphere, in the top left corner of the image, is dimly lit by light diffusely scattered through the rings. The planet's shadow cuts across the rings, but light reflected off the southern hemisphere backlights parts of the C ring, making them visible in silhouette. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


7/ A view of Saturn's moon Tethys and its cratered surface, taken by Cassini on October 14, 2009. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


8/ Jagged looking shadows stretch away from vertical structures of ring material created by the moon Daphnis, a bright dot (8 km, or 5 mi across) casting a thin shadow just to the left of the center of the image. The moon has an inclined orbit, and its gravitational pull perturbs the orbits of the particles of the A ring forming the Keeler Gap's edge and sculpting the edge into waves having both horizontal (radial) and out-of-plane components. These scenes are possible only during the few months before and after Saturn's equinox, which occurs only once in about 15 Earth years. This image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on June 26, 2009, at a distance of approximately 823,000 km (511,000 mi) from Daphnis. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


9/ Another view of waves in the edges of the Keeler gap in Saturn's A ring, created by the embedded moon Daphnis. Image acquired on July 11, 2009, at a distance of approximately 496,000 km (308,000 mi) from Daphnis. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


10/ A close view of the surface of Saturn's large moon Rhea, as Cassini passes by on October 13, 2009. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


11/ The gravity of potato-shaped Prometheus (86 km, or 53 mi across) periodically creates streamer-channels in the F ring. This view looks toward the unilluminated side of the rings from about 9 degrees above the ringplane. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on May 26, 2009 from approximately 922,000 km (573,000 mi) from Saturn. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


12/ An unusual-looking moon shadow crosses Saturn's rings. The shadow appears to 'skip' certain ring bands in a photo taken looking at the unlit side of Saturn's rings. Reflected sunlight and variable ring transparencies appear to be responsble for the striped shadow. More on the this phenomenon here. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


13/ Two sources of light illuminate the textured surface of the moon Enceladus. On the right of the image, sunlight bathes the anti-Saturn side of this geologically active moon. Saturnshine dimly lights the Saturn-facing side of the moon on the left of the image. The moon's surface is scarred by fractures, folds, and ridges. This view looks toward the trailing hemisphere of Enceladus (504 kilometers, or 313 miles across). North on Enceladus is up. The image was taken on July 26, 2009, at a distance of approximately 199,000 kilometers (124,000 miles) from Enceladus. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


14/ The shadow of Saturn's moon Mimas dips onto the planet's rings and straddles the Cassini Division in this natural color image taken as Saturn approaches its August 2009 equinox. Images taken using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to create this natural color view. The images were obtained with the Cassini spacecraft wide-angle camera on April 8, 2009 at a distance of approximately 1.1 million km (684,000 mi) from Saturn. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


15/ Cassini captured this image of a small object in the outer portion of Saturn's B ring casting a shadow on the rings as Saturn approaches its August 2009 equinox, on July 26, 2009. This new moonlet, situated about 480 km (300 mi) inward from the outer edge of the B ring, was found by detection of its shadow which stretches 41 km (25 mi) across the rings. The shadow length implies the moonlet is protruding about 200 meters, or 660 feet, above the ring plane. If the moonlet is orbiting in the same plane as the ring material surrounding it, which is likely, it must be about 400 meters, or 1,300 feet, across. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


16/ Cassini looks down on the north pole of Titan, showing night and day in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's largest moon. The north pole of Titan is rotated about 23 degrees to the left and it lies on the terminator above and to the left of the center of the image. Images taken using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to create this natural color view of Titan (5,150 km, or 3,200 mi across). The images were obtained on June 6, 2009 at a distance of approximately 194,000 km (121,000 mi) from Titan. Image scale is 11 km (7 mi) per pixel. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


17/ Plumes of tiny ice particles being ejected from the surface of the moon Enceladus are visible in the scattered sunlight in this image, acquired by Cassini on October 13, 2009. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


18/ A big shadow from Saturn's largest moon, Titan, darkens the planet in the lower right of this image taken shortly after Saturn's August 2009 equinox. Saturn is overexposed in this image because the camera's long exposure time was set to show the rings which are dimly lit at equinox. Saturn's rings, which are 10 to 100 meters (30 to 300 feet) thick for the most part, cast a narrow shadow onto the planet. The image was taken on Aug. 19, 2009, at a distance of approximately 2.3 million km (1.4 million mi) from Saturn. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


19/ Saturn's moon Tethys passes between Cassini and distant Titan in this image acquired on October 17, 2009. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


20/ Cassini looks closely at the outer B ring and the Cassini Division, revealing clump-like structures in the outer edge of the B ring. The scrambled pattern in the B ring's outer edge is the result of the gravitational clumping of particles there. This image was taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on July 10, 2009, at a distance of approximately 320,000 km (199,000 mi) from Saturn. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


21/ This animated series of images of Saturn's F Ring was acquired by Cassini on June 10, 2009. Shepherd moons Prometheus (inner) and Pandora (outer) pass by, alternately smoothing and disturbing the particles that make up the ring. Kinks, knots, wakes and disturbances are apparent in the thin ring as it rotates. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


22/ The shadow of the moon Mimas has just slipped off Saturn's rings and onto the planet in this Cassini spacecraft image. The shadow is visible as a short dash below the rings' shadows on the planet. At this exposure setting, the rings are too dim to be seen easily. Images taken using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to create this natural color view. The images were obtained on April 30, 2009 at a distance of approximately 1.4 million km (870,000 mi) from Saturn. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #


23/ Saturn's large moon Tethys appears before Saturn's rings and a smaller moonlet on October 16, 2009. Just above Tethys, the far side of the rings can be seen disappearing behind Saturn's dark side, slightly fading along the edge seen through the upper atmosphere. (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute) #

[maimaiht]

Tin từ vnexpress hình ảnh thật tuyệt vời
Cơ quan Hàng không vũ trụ Mỹ (NASA) vừa công bố những bức ảnh chụp sao Thổ và các vệ tinh ở cự li rất gần.
Những bức ảnh dưới đây được đăng trên trang New York Times.
Tàu Cassini của Mỹ bay lên quỹ đạo sao Thổ vào năm 2004. Ban đầu NASA muốn nó hoạt động trong 4 năm, nhưng sau đó họ tăng thời hạn tới tận năm 2017. Bức ảnh Dione, một vệ tinh của sao Thổ, được chụp vào ngày 11/10/2005. Bề mặt của thiên thể này có rất nhiều hố. Với đường kính gần 400 km, vệ tinh Mimas quá nhỏ bé so với kích thước khổng lồ của sao Thổ. Vệ tinh này được bao phủ bởi băng. Ảnh chụp hai vệ tinh Enceladus (nhỏ) và Titan (to) của sao Thổ vào ngày 5/2/2006. Vệ tinh Hyperion của sao Thổ được chụp vào tháng 9/2005. Những khe nứt trên bề mặt vệ tinh Enceladus. Ảnh được chụp vào ngày 11/8/2008. Vệ tinh Iapetus của sao Thổ. Hố Herschel có đường kính 128 km trên bề mặt vệ tinh Mimas. Ảnh chụp vào ngày 13/2/2010. Hai bức ảnh này cho thấy hai nửa của vệ tinh Iapetus có độ sáng khác nhau hoàn toàn. Những tia nắng mặt trời đầu tiên phản chiếu trên một hồ của vệ tinh Titan.